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Where clause

  WHERE Clause In DBMS (Database Management Systems) , the WHERE clause is a conditional filter used in SQL (Structured Query Language) to specify which rows should be returned, updated, or deleted in a query. It plays a critical role in refining the results by applying conditions to the data. Role in DBMS In a relational database management system (RDBMS) , data is organized into tables consisting of rows and columns. The WHERE clause allows users to apply selection operations on this data, which is a fundamental operation in relational algebra —specifically, it represents the σ (sigma) operation, which performs selection based on predicates.   Definition of WHERE Clause The WHERE clause is used in SQL statements to filter records that fulfill a specified condition. It is applied in SELECT , UPDATE , DELETE , and other SQL statements. Importance of the WHERE Clause Data Filtering : Ensures only required data is fetched or affected.   Eff...
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Steganography in Cyber Security

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What is Steganography? Steganography is defined as which involves caching of secret information. This word is derived from two Greek words- ‘stegos’ meaning ‘to cover’ and ‘grayfia’, meaning ‘writing’, thus translating to ‘covered writing’, or ‘hidden writing’. The sensitive information will also be uprooted from the ordinary train or communication at its discovery. With the help of Steganography, we can hide any digital thing like textbook, image, videotape, etc behind a medium.   The different algorithms in digital steganography include: Least significant bit (LSB):  In the LSB algorithm, the least significant bit in each byte of a multimedia file (e.g., an image or audio) is modified to convey a hidden message. Multi-access edge computing can also help save on bandwidth costs and improve security by processing data locally instead of sending it over the network to central servers. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT):  In the DFT algorithm, information is hidden inside...
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Data Types & Expressions

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  Data Types in C Each variable in C has an associated data type. It specifies the type of data that the variable can store like integer, character, floating, double, etc. Each data type requires different amounts of memory and has some specific operations which can be performed over it. The data type is a collection of data with values having fixed values, meaning as well as its characteristics. The data types in C can be classified as follows: Types Description Primitive Data Types Primitive data types are the most basic data types that are used for representing simple values such as integers, float, characters, etc. User Defined Data Types The user-defined data types are defined by the user himself. Derived Types The data types that are derived from the primitive or built-in datatypes are referred to as Derived Data Types.   Different data types also ha...
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