LINUX COMMANDS

 

LINUX COMMANDS

Linux Commands	Functions
1. Is command in Linux	Displays information about files in the current directory.
2. pwd command in Linux	Displays the current working directory.
3. mkdir command in Linux	Creates a directory.
4. cd command in Linux	To navigate between different folders.
5. rmdir command in Linux	Removes empty directories from the directory lists.
6. cp command in Linux	Copy files from one directory to another.
7. mv command in Linux	Rename and Replace the files
8. rm command in Linux	Delete files
9. uname command in Linux	Command to get basic information about the OS
10. locate command in Linux	Find a file in the database.
11. touch command in Linux	Create empty files
12. ln command in Linux	Create shortcuts to other files
13. cat command in Linux	Display file contents on terminal
14. clear command in Linux	Clear terminal
15. ps command in Linux	Display the processes in terminal
16. man command in Linux	Access manual for all Linux commands
17. grep command in Linux	Search for a specific string in an output
18. echo command in Linux	Print string or text to the terminal
19. wget command in Linux	download files from the internet.
20. whoami command in Linux	Displays the current users name
21. sort command in Linux	sort the file content
22. cal command in Linux	View Calendar in terminal
23. whereis command in Linux	View the exact location of any command typed after this command
24. df command in Linux	Check the details of the file system
25. wc command in Linux	Check the lines, word count, and characters in a file using different options

 

Linux commands syntax with examples

 

📁 1. ls – List directory contents

• Syntax: ls [options] [directory]
• Example:

ls              # Lists files in the current directory

ls -l           # Long listing format

ls -a           # Includes hidden files

ls /home/user   # Lists contents of a specific directory

 

📂 2. cd – Change directory

• Syntax: cd [directory]
• Example:

cd /home/user/Documents   # Go to Documents

cd ..                     # Move up one directory

cd ~                      # Go to home directory

 

📄 3. touch – Create empty file

• Syntax: touch [filename]
• Example:

touch file1.txt            # Create an empty file

 

📝 4. cat – View or create files

• Syntax: cat [options] [file(s)]
• Example:

cat file.txt               # Display content

cat > newfile.txt          # Create a file, input ends with CTRL+D

cat file1.txt file2.txt    # Concatenate files

 

🗃 5. cp – Copy files or directories

• Syntax: cp [options] source destination
• Example:

bash

CopyEdit

cp file1.txt file2.txt     # Copy file

cp -r dir1/ dir2/          # Copy directory recursively

 

🔄 6. mv – Move or rename files

• Syntax: mv source destination
• Example:

mv oldname.txt newname.txt   # Rename file

mv file.txt /home/user/      # Move file

 

🗑 7. rm – Remove files or directories

• Syntax: rm [options] file
• Example:

rm file.txt              # Delete file

rm -r directory/         # Delete directory and contents

 

🛠 8. mkdir – Create directory

• Syntax: mkdir [directory-name]
• Example:

mkdir newfolder

 

📜 9. echo – Print text to terminal or file

• Syntax: echo [text]
• Example:

echo "Hello World"             # Print text

echo "Hello" > file.txt        # Save text to file

 

🔍 10. pwd – Print working directory

• Syntax: pwd
• Example:

pwd   # Shows current path

 

📥 11. man – Show manual/help

• Syntax: man [command]
• Example:

man ls   # Shows help for 'ls' command

 

📦 12. sudo – Execute as superuser

• Syntax: sudo [command]
• Example:

sudo apt update    # Run update with admin privileges

 

🔍 13. find – Search files

• Syntax: find [path] -name [pattern]
• Example:

find /home -name "file.txt"

 

🧵 14. grep – Search inside files

• Syntax: grep [pattern] [file]
• Example:

bash

grep "hello" file.txt